Paint compound and process of making.



Nrrino STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. KING, OF NEW BRIGHTON, NEW YORK.

PAINT COMPOUND AND PROCESS OF MAKING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 670,678, dated March 26, 1901.

Application filed August 8, 1900. Serial No. 26,211. (No specimens.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE R. KING, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Brighton, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented an Improved Paint and Process of Manufacturing the Same, of which the following is a full, clear, and'exact description.

My invention relates to paints of that class in which casein or milk-curds or equivalent albuminous material is used as a size or binder. All such paints heretofore made, so far as I am aware, are open to the following objections:

First, for some reason which is not delinitely known the preparation of successive portions of the paint, although the material may be taken from the same keg or receptacle, is frequently attended with different results sometimes a difierence in consistency, sometimes a difference in the appearance or finish of the surface, and sometimes a different shade or tone to the color-so that if a chamber be partly finished on one day and the work completed the next the difi'erent sides or portions of the room present a slightly-different appearance.

Another objection is the difficulty in mixing such paints. The dry powder must be combined with the water in the first instance ina careful painstaking manner, so as first to dampen all parts of it into a stiff paste or mass, which is very hard to stir and mix, until the constant stirring brings about the emulsion of the compound, and not till then can more water, or such other liquid as may be employed, be gradually added, and thus finally by. the continued addition of liquid and constant stirring the proper paint-like consistency is attained. Otherwise the paint will not be adhesive. The care and skill required for the proper preparation of the paint to do really first-class work and obtain the properties claimed for it are so great that an ordinary painter or calcirniner is not competent to efiect perfect results. On the contrary, an expert familiar with handling these goods is necessary.

Another objection is that if a quantity of this paint as heretofore made after preparation for use be set aside for a short timeeven so short as two or three hoursthe material attains a jelly-like consistency, which cannot afterward be broken down by the addition of more liquid. In fact, it becomes practically useless for good work, or else it sometimes happens that the material settles to the bottom of the bucket and requires constant stirring.

Under my present invention I obviate the foregoing objections and also secure certain properties in the paint which it has never be fore possessed, so far as I am awarethat is to say, the emulsion is more perfect than ever before attained. Also the base or pigments remain suspended in solution more perfectly than heretofore. Also the material is much more soluble and more quickly and easilyresponds to the application of moisture, whereby the excessive care in mixing the old materials is avoided. Also the pulverulent condition' of my material is more complete than the products heretofore made, since under my process it can be more readily than heretofore reduced to an impalpable powder, whereby the ease and smoothness of the application of the paint and the covering power of the same are increased and the surface when finished is greatly improved. Also the foaming and skinning of the material are practically done away with.

My process and the materials employed are as follows: I take a proportion-sayone hundred pounds-0f casein or milk-curds, which maybe dry or in the moist condition as they exist at the end of the casein-forming process. Indeed it is not essential that the casein or curds be drained, because the presence of whey will not materially affect the product.

If the casein or curds be dry, then I place it to soak in a suitable receptacle by pouring on a sufficient quantity of water or equivalent liquid and allow it to stand as long as may be necessary for the casein to soak or attain a pulpy or je1ly-like consistency. From one to three hours is ordinarily sufficient for this. If the casein or curds be moist or wet,

then the addition of water is not necessary. To the one hundred pounds of casein, in damp or wet state, as above stated, I add, say, two hundred pounds of a suitable mineral base, which may be of a setting or non-setting character, as preferredsuch as whiting, clay, plaster, terra-alba, marble, chalk, talc, colors, or other suitable pigment. A combination of these bases may be sometimes advantageously'used either to aifect the character of the product, its color, or for other reason. I thoroughly mix together the base and the casein or curds by a mixing-machine or between rollers or in any other suitable apparatus or manner, so that the pulpy or jellylike casein and the powdered base or bases will be most intimately mixed into a homogeneous mass. The result is a material in damp condition which is very easily handled, and in it the casein, by reason of its being ground or mechanically mixed with the base, is divided into exceedingly fine particles, much finer than can be attained bygrinding the casein alone. The mass thus produced is then dried in any suitable manner and by any suitable means, artificial or natural. I prefer to place it in pans and dry in a drying-room or loosely in some equivalent artificial drier. Sometimes to effect the more speedy admixture of the base with the casein I dampen or moisten the base. When this compound is dry, I find it can be ground very fine and reduced to a pulverulent condition by passing it through any ordinary grinding mill and that its reduction is speedily and effectively accomplished without employing the enormous power, sp'eoial mill, and considerable time necessary to red uce clear casein or curds to the condition of a dry powder. The dry powder thus formed I call the binder, although it contains a portion of the material which constitutes the base in the finished paint, and in it, as will be readily understood from the foregoing, the particles of casein are exceedingly small,they having been reduced by the primary mixing and subsequent dry grinding with the base material. To ten (10) parts of the dry powdered compound or binder produced as above I then add one (1) part of the material described in the United States Letters Patent granted to me February 5, 1889, No. 397,296, and there described as a restrainer for quick-setting materials. I refer to that patent for a detailed description of the method in which the said restrainer is made, but will briefly state here that for its production I take hydrated lime (which may be hydrated in any desired manner) and mix the same, either dry or moist and in powdered or any other suitable condition, with any suitable animal gelatinous or vegetable glutinous substance which possesses the quality of acting as a restrainer of plaster.

The proportions may vary considerably; but good results will be secured by dissolving, say, from five to ten pounds of glue or the residue or still bottoms left from the manufacture of the clear glue in an ordinary pail full of water-i. 6., two to four gallons-and add sufficient hydrated lime to form a pasty mass. If animal gelatinous or vegetable glutinous material other than glue or glue prodnot (which, however, I prefer) be used, then a corresponding quantity of it or a mixture of them may be used. The admixture is preferably made with water, warm or cold, as preferred. There are a number of these substances now well known, and they do not require enumeration here; but of them all I prefer glue. It need not, however, be clarified or dried glue, because the still bottoms, so called, resulting from the manufacture of glue may be used, although glue of any quality and character is available. This mixture of glue and hydrated lime after being thoroughly mixed into a plastic or pasty mass is dried and preferably reduced to a pulverulent condition as fine that of the casein and base above referred to. Sometimes, however, the restrainer may be used in a flaky form, because it is very responsive to the action of moisture and will readily dissolve upon the addition of liquid. I now supply the main part of the base by adding to from twenty (20) to forty (40) pounds of the compound resulting from the mixture of the restrainer and the binder sixty to eighty (80) pounds of any usual base or pigment employed in the manufacture of such paints in dry powderedcond-ition. This base or pigment may be either setting or non-setting, as preferredsuch as whiting, talc, plaster, white-lead, zinc-white, terra-alba, colors, clay, or the like. There may be a mixture of two or more of these bases or pigments, if desired, for the purpose of affecting the color of the product or its special characteristics and depending in certain instances on whether it is to be used for inside or outside work, as is well understood in this art. Upon the addition of this material my paint is complete and may be mixed for use by the addition of water or equivalent liquid.

The paint prepared as above set forth has not only the desirable characteristics above referred to to a greater degree than any other paint known to me, but also is more completely waterproof and is free from the acids and other chemicals sometimes used in such compounds, the presence of which chemicals has heretofore been objected to on the score of giving false body to the paint, and also because of their deleterious effect upon the brushes of the artisans and in some instances upon the surface (canvas and the like) to which the paint is applied.

I will not undertake to define the reasons for the superiority of my paint over all others of this class known to me; but that the facts as stated exist I have demonstrated by extensive experiment and use. Any one familiar with this art will see that the albuminous material, being thoroughly incorporated with the base in a wet state, as set forth, will produce re sults which may be well compared with an oil paint in which the oil and pigment have been thoroughly ground together instead of being simply hand-mixed,and in order that this matter may be better understood I will here say that the restrainer heretofore patented to me,

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as stated, composed of hydrated lime and glue, has during recent years been the subject of very extensive investigation and chemical analysis, and it has been found that when hydrated lime and glue or equivalent animal gelatinous or vegetable glutinous material are brought together, as above stated, a pcculiar action, partly chemical and partly physical, takes place, so that both of the bodies are materially changed chemically and physically, and by a combination found to take place they constitute together a new body unknown, so far as I am aware, prior to my discovery thereof, and this new body possesses characteristics which peculiarly qualify it for use in a waterproof paint of the character stated, among which are its easy miscibility with water, and this fact, taken in connection with the exceedingly fine pulverulent condition of the casein, before alluded to, renders the mass much more responsive to the action of water when applied than any other like paint and secures a much smoother and more efiicient material than any heretofore-known, as I believe.

I wish it to be understood that the proportions given by me are not absolute, for it is well known in this art that the proportions of the ingredients employed may be considerably varied indeed, should be-so as to more perfectly adapt the product to different uses. Also, although I prefer that all of the material composing the completed paint should be reduced to a dry powdered condition, as stated, yet sometimes it may be advautageous to temporarily leave them in a lumpy, granular, or cake-like form-as, for

instance, for convenience and saving of waste a d urin g transportation-the reduction to powdered form to be eiiected at such time prior to use as may be most expedient.

Having described my invention, I-claim- 1. The process described, consisting in intimately mixing or compounding albuminous material, such as casein or curds, with a suitable base, drying and grinding the same to a pulverulent condition; subjecting animal gelatinous or vegetable glutinous matter, such as glue or glue product, to the act-ion of lime in the presence of moisture; drying and grinding the resulting material; mixing the powder composed of casein and base material with the ground hydrated lime and glue material, and adding thereto additional base or pig ment in a dry and finely divided or powdered condition, for the purposes set forth.

2. As an article of manufacture, a dry, powdered, soluble paint compound consisting of albuminous material, such as casein or curds, mixed with a suitable base and reduced to a dry pulverulent condition; animal gelatinous or vegetable glutinous matter, such as glue or glue product, and hydrated lime likewise reduced to a dry pulverulent condition; and additional base material or pigment in dry, powdered "condition, for the purposes set forth.

Signed at New Brighton, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, this 2d day of August, 1900.

GEORGE E. KING.

Witnesses:

E. A. MUNNS, W. O. DAWSON. 

